Simplified balance sheets of a hypothetical
S&L, which show the process of the three major areas discussed above
(1-rate exposure, 2-size, 3-diversity). It also points out, that the achievement
of this goals is not easy, as well as it illustrates the close connection
between considerations of longer-term business mix and short-term asset-liability
management.
| Hypothetical Thrift Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) | Example of Strategic Restucturing at a Hypothtical S&L | |||||||||||||
| Present position | 3 years | Phase 1 | 3 years | Phase 2 | ||||||||||
| almost a solely mortgage trader (82% of its assets) | ||||||||||||||
| Assets | Assets | Assets | ||||||||||||
| Cash and Federal funds | $ 200 | comparable (relative to size) to commercial banks | Cash and Federal funds | $ 200 | ||||||||||
| Mortgage loans receiveable | $4,000 | average repricing interval: 1 month -> reducing I/R risk | Mortgage loans | |||||||||||
| GOALS: | Net woth ratio above 4% | GOALS: | Replace $ 9.9 billion mortgages with ARMs | Fixed rate | $ 3,100 | |||||||||
| Grow $ 7 billion-earning assets | Grow $ 7 billion-earning assets | Adjustable rate | $ 2,000 | |||||||||||
| Diversify into other aeras | Commercial Loans | $ 1,000 | Originate another $ 1.1 billion of ARM loans | Commercial Loans | $ 1,000 | |||||||||
| Securities | $ 500 | Maturity ratio min 50% | (One month pricing interval) | Securities | $ 800 | |||||||||
| Real estate and other assets | $ 200 | Increase securities portfolio->shorten asset life | Real estate and other assets | $ 300 | ||||||||||
| $4,900 | CONSEQUENCES: | $ 1,000 | CONSEQUENCES: | $ 7,400 | ||||||||||
| Net wort ratio has fallen to 4.9% | Fixed rate loans, at $ 3.1 billion fall to 42% of total assets | |||||||||||||
| Maturity Ratio: 18% -> highly exposed to rising I/R | Increasing the assets by 20% within 3 yrs period | ARMs account nearly 40% of an average maturity of 7 yrs. | ||||||||||||
| Deliberate mismatch in order to reduce I/R risk | Thereby aiding to shorten asset life | |||||||||||||
| Liabilities and Equity | Yet maturity ratio has increased to only 20% | Liabilities | Maturity Ratio above 50% | Liabilities | ||||||||||
| make up the bulk of liabilities | ||||||||||||||
| Deposits | $3,900 | Deposit growth | $ 960 | Deposits | $ 5,970 | |||||||||
| FHLB advances | $ 400 | one year deposits -> | FHLB advances | $ 650 | ||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed bonds | $ 350 | -> maturity mismatch to its counterpart: commercial loans | Mortgage-backed bonds | $ 490 | ||||||||||
| Equity | $ 250 | Equity growth | $ 40 | Stockholder' Equity | $ 290 | |||||||||
| $4,900 | $ 1,000 | $ 7,400 | ||||||||||||
| increase in stockholder's equity | ||||||||||||||
| assumtion 2% net interest margin on the commercial loans | © Richard Weberberger | |||||||||||||